Part II: The effect of alloying elements: Overdoping. Factors affecting the oxidation behaviour of thin Fe–Cr–Al foils. Peg formation by short-circuit diffusion in Al 2O 3 scales containing oxide dispersions. The oxidation behavior of CoCrAI systems containing active element additions. Effect of Zr additions on the oxidation kinetics of FeCrAlY alloys in low and high pO 2 gases. J., Naumenko, D., Wessel, E., Singheiser, L. Morphology of Al 2O 3 scales on doped Co–Cr–A1 coatings. Effect of Al and Cr content on air and steam oxidation of FeCrAl alloys and commercial APMT alloy. Oxidation comparison of alumina-forming and chromia-forming commercial alloys at 11 ☌. Oxidation kinetics of Y-doped FeCrAl-alloys in low and high pO 2 gases. High-temperature creep resistance in rare-earth-doped, fine-grained Al 2O 3. Role of segregating dopants on the improved creep resistance of aluminum oxide. Yttrium doping effect on oxygen grain boundary diffusion in α-Al 2O 3. The band structure of polycrystalline Al 2O 3 and its influence on transport phenomena. The effect of cerium on the oxidation of Ni-50Cr alloys. The use of two reactive elements to optimize oxidation performance of alumina-forming alloys. 18O/SIMS characterization of the growth mechanism of doped and undoped α-Al 2O 3. The reactive element effect in commercial ODS FeCrAI alloys. The oxidation behaviour of metals and alloys at high temperatures in atmospheres containing water vapour: A review. The effect of an oxide dispersion on the critical Al content in Fe–Al alloys. Current thoughts on reactive element effects in alumina-forming systems: In memory of John Stringer. Optimization of reactive-element additions to improve oxidation performance of alumina-forming alloys. The reactive element effect in high-temperature corrosion. Improvements in high temperature oxidation resistance by additions of reactive elements or oxide dispersions. A thermodynamic approach to guide reactive element doping: Hf additions to NiCrAl. Alumina scale formation: a new perspective. The effect of microstructure on the type II hot corrosion of Ni-base MCrAlY alloys. Introduction to the High-Temperature Oxidation of Metals (Cambridge Univ. High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2016).īirks, N., Meier, G. High Temperature Corrosion (Elsevier, London/New York, 1988). Structural Alloys for Power Plants – Operational Challenges and High-Temperature Materials (Woodhead, Cambridge, 2014). High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design, and Applications (Elsevier, Oxford, 2003). High-temperature materials – a general review. High Temperature Alloys – Their Exploitable Potential (Elsevier, London/New York, 1987). Our findings open up promising avenues in oxidation research and suggest ways to improve alloy properties. First-principles modelling is also performed to validate the RE effect. The defect-rich alumina subsequently recrystallizes to form a protective scale. As evidence, hydride-nanodomains and reactive element/hydrogen (deuterium) co-variation are observed in the alumina scale. We propose that reactive-element-decorated, hydroxylated interfaces between alumina nanograins enable water to access an inner cathode in the bottom of the scale, at odds with the established scale growth scenario. Here, we reveal the hitherto unknown interplay between reactive elements and water during alumina scale growth, causing a metastable ‘messy’ nano-structured alumina layer to form. Despite decades of research on oxide scale growth, many open questions remain, including the crucial role of the so-called reactive elements and water. All these materials rely on forming an external oxide layer (scale) for corrosion protection. High-temperature alloys are crucial to many important technologies that underpin our civilization.